What is FIPS (Federal Information Processing Standards)?
Federal Information Processing Standards (FIPS) are publicly announced standards developed by the United States federal government for use in computer systems by non-military government agencies and contractors. Managed by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), FIPS are designed to ensure that data is processed, transferred, and stored securely across federal information systems. These standards are critical for maintaining the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of government data.
Key Aspects of FIPS
Security and Compliance
FIPS standards are primarily focused on ensuring the security of federal information systems. They provide guidelines and specifications for encryption, data handling, and security protocols that must be adhered to by federal agencies and their contractors.
Cryptographic Standards
One of the most well-known FIPS publications is FIPS 140, which outlines security requirements for cryptographic modules. This standard is widely used to evaluate the effectiveness of encryption technologies and ensure they meet stringent security requirements.
Data Interoperability
FIPS also includes standards that promote interoperability between different information systems. This ensures that data can be shared and accessed across various platforms and agencies without compatibility issues.
Mandatory Standards
For federal agencies, compliance with FIPS is mandatory. This means that any technology solutions or systems implemented by these agencies must adhere to the relevant FIPS standards to ensure security and efficiency.
Continuous Updates
FIPS are regularly reviewed and updated to address emerging threats and technological advancements. This ensures that the standards remain relevant and effective in protecting federal information systems.
Examples of FIPS Standards
- FIPS 140-3: Security Requirements for Cryptographic Modules
- FIPS 197: Advanced Encryption Standard (AES)
- FIPS 201: Personal Identity Verification (PIV) of Federal Employees and Contractors
