What is FISMA (Federal Information Security Management Act)?
The Federal Information Security Management Act (FISMA) is a United States federal law enacted in 2002 as part of the E-Government Act. FISMA was established to improve the security of federal information systems and protect government data from cyber threats. It mandates that federal agencies develop, document, and implement comprehensive information security programs to safeguard their information systems and data. FISMA is a key component of the federal government’s efforts to ensure that information security is managed effectively across all agencies.
Key Components of FISMA
Information Security Programs
FISMA requires federal agencies to create and maintain robust information security programs. These programs must address the management, operational, and technical aspects of protecting information systems and data.
Risk Assessment and Management
Agencies are required to conduct regular risk assessments to identify potential vulnerabilities and threats to their information systems. Based on these assessments, agencies must implement appropriate security controls to mitigate risks.
Security Controls and Standards
The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) provides guidelines and standards for implementing security controls under FISMA. Agencies must adhere to these standards to ensure consistent and effective information security practices.
Continuous Monitoring
FISMA emphasizes the importance of continuous monitoring of information systems to detect and respond to security incidents promptly. Agencies must have mechanisms in place to monitor, report, and address security breaches.
Annual Reporting
Federal agencies must report annually to the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) and Congress on the status of their information security programs. These reports include assessments of compliance with FISMA requirements and the effectiveness of security measures.
Accountability and Oversight
FISMA holds agency heads and Chief Information Officers (CIOs) accountable for the security of their information systems. It also establishes oversight mechanisms to ensure compliance and address deficiencies.
